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Management Skills: Appropriate adjustment of feeding methods according to laying rules

Time:2019-06-14
Laying hens start from 21 weeks old to 72 weeks old as a laying period. Generally, laying period is divided into pre-laying period, peak laying period and post-laying period.

Laying hens start from 21 weeks old to 72 weeks old as a laying period. Generally, laying period is divided into pre-laying period, peak laying period and post-laying period. During the laying period, the change of laying rate and egg weight showed a certain regularity.

Pre-laying period refers to the period from the beginning of laying to the peak of laying (21-26 weeks old). During this period, the rate of laying eggs increased rapidly, with a weekly increase of 12% to 20%, while the weight of chickens and eggs also increased. Weight gain is 4-5 grams per day, egg weight gain is about 1 gram per week.

Egg-laying rate is usually more than 85% at the peak stage of laying, and more than 90% at the age of 28 weeks. Normally, the peak period of laying can be maintained for 3-4 months. During this period, the egg weight did not change much and the weight increased slightly.

At the later stage of laying, the rate of laying eggs declined gradually, and decreased by about 0.5% per week. The weight of eggs was relatively large, and the weight of eggs increased. The laying rate declined to 65%-70% until 72 weeks of age.

According to the laying law of laying hens, in order to increase the annual egg production, efforts must be made to promote the early emergence of the peak laying period, extend the duration of the peak laying period as far as possible, and slow down the decline rate of laying rate. Therefore, adequate nutrition must be given according to the characteristics of each period, and stage feeding, adjustment feeding and restriction feeding must be carried out. Method, in order to ensure the healthy and high yield of chickens.

01_Stage Feeding

Three-stage feeding method is generally adopted in production. The first stage is from 40 weeks old (laying rate is over 80%), the second stage is from 40 to 60 weeks old (laying rate is 70-80%), and the third stage is from 60 weeks old (laying rate is below 70%).

The dietary protein levels were reduced by 17%, 16.5% and 15% respectively in stages 1, 2 and 3. Dietary protein and other nutritional levels were first high and then low, which accorded with the law of laying curve and the feeding standard of laying hens in China. The three-stage feeding method coincides with the three stages of laying hens according to different laying levels in China's laying standards. Using three-stage feeding method, the peak of egg production appeared earlier, rose faster, the peak period lasted longer, and the amount of egg production was more.

02_Adjustment of Feeding

1. Adjusting feeding according to laying curve

It is to adjust the nutritional level of protein and other nutrients in the diet of laying hens according to the laying law of laying hens. When adjusting, we should pay attention to such a principle: to "promote" at peak, feed nutrition first; to "protect" at peak, feed nutrition then decline. Specific adjustment methods are as follows: during the peak period of egg laying, when the egg laying rate has not reached the peak, it is necessary to replace the feed in advance to promote the rapid increase of egg laying rate; during the decline period of egg laying rate, in order to slow down the decline of egg laying rate, it is necessary to replace the feed after one week of the decline of egg laying rate.

2. Adjusting Feeding According to Seasonal Temperature Change

Seasonal and environmental temperature have a great influence on the feed intake and egg production level of chickens. When the ambient temperature is low in winter, the feed intake of chickens increases and the nutrient intake increases. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the energy level of feed, inhibit feed intake and reduce the concentration of other nutrients. When the ambient temperature is high in summer, the feed intake of chickens decreases and the nutrient intake decreases. At this time, the feed energy content needs to be reduced. Eat and increase the concentration of other nutrients.

3. Adjusting feeding according to the status of chicken flocks

When some management measures are taken to the chickens or when the chickens are abnormal, it is necessary to adjust the feeding. For example, adding 5 mg of vitamin K to the diet three days before and after Beak-cutting can reduce bleeding caused by beak-cutting; after vaccination, the protein content in diet can be increased by 1%, which can reduce stress; when chickens suffer from feather pecking, anal pecking and other vices, other measures can be taken to increase the roughness of the diet appropriately at the same time. Fiber content, which can reduce the occurrence of pecking addiction; when chickens are infected, protein content can be increased by 1% - 2%, multi-vitamin content can be increased by 0.02%, so as to enhance the body of chickens, conducive to the recovery of disease.

When adjusting the feeding method, we should keep the relative stability of feed formulation on the basis of feeding standards, try our best to fine-tune, not to increase or decrease greatly, and pay attention to observing the effect of adjustment. If we find abnormalities, we should find out the reasons in time and take countermeasures, or resume feeding before adjustment.

03_Restricted Feeding

Limited feeding is a measure to reduce the feeding quantity after the peak of laying according to the laying law of laying hens, without affecting the performance of laying hens. Specific practices are as follows: 2 weeks after the peak laying period, the daily feeding volume of every 100 chickens is reduced by 230 grams for 3-4 consecutive days. If the reduction of egg production in the chicken flock is not beyond the normal range due to the reduction of feed, keep the feed for several days, and then try a similar reduction. If an abnormal drop in egg production is found, feed should be restored to the previous level immediately. Normally, the feed reduction of laying hens should not exceed 8% to 9%. Limited feeding of laying hens and following the laying rules of laying hens can not only prevent the laying hens from overfattening in the later stage of laying, improve the survival rate, but also reduce feed costs and increase economic benefits.